Statele Unite ale Americii

United States was “born of an idea.” The American Revolution stemmed from the vision of a different form of government, one based on the consent of the governed rather than the dictates of a king. That founding vision with its emphasis on liberty, equality, individualism, and self-government became the foundation of the American political culture.

journalist Theodore H. White

Benjamin Franklin
(January 17, 1706 [O.S. January 6, 1705] – April 17, 1790) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. A renowned polymath, Franklin was a leading author, printer, political theorist, politician, freemason, postmaster, scientist, inventor, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat. As a scientist, he was a major figure in the American Enlightenment and the history of physics for his discoveries and theories regarding electricity. As an inventor, he is known for the lightning rod, bifocals, and the Franklin stove, among other inventions. He facilitated many civic organizations, including Philadelphia's fire department and a university.

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Curiosities:

- Andrew Jackson was the only United States president to ever pay off the national debt in full.
- George Washington had the public support to become king of America, but gave up the power to Congress.

How do Americans stand out from the rest of the world?
Nearly 200 years later, Americans’ emphasis on individualism and work ethic stands out in surveys of people around the world.

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American Political Culture -> How american beliefs and ideals started.

America liberation from British rule began on the Village Green in Lexington, Massachusetts, on a spring morning in 1775, when the American colonists first fought the British, battle known as Shot heard round the world.

What, in the absence of shared ancestry, is Americans' common bond?
The ideals of liberty, equality, individualism, self-government are central to Americans' identity. Collectively, they've been called the American creed.

- Abraham Lincoln's call for a government of the people, by the people, and for the people.
- Franklin Roosevelt proclamtion: "We are a nation of many nationalities bound together by the unity of freedom and equality."
- Barack Obama's plea in his first inaugural that America reaffirm the promise that "All are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness."

Racial, gender, ethnic, and other forms of discrimination constitute the darkest chapter in the nation's history.
We encounter: slavery, racism, unequal treatment of Black people, Asians, Native Americans and of women.

Americans' cultural beliefs are particularly challenging, as they are rooted in high ideals.
Liberty, for instance, is not licensed. It's not freedom to do whatever you please. It's rooted in free choice, but it entails responsibility, freedom up to the point where it infringes on the freedom of others.
Americans' cultural beliefs also conflict. Self-government, for example, implies the right of the majority to rule, whereas liberty implies that individuals have rights beyond the reach of the majority.

Video-ul cu abuzul politistului din Minneapolis, Minnesota, SUA a lui George Floyd care a dus prosteste majore pe continentul american si in afara acestuia si la discutii despre descriminarea persoanelor  de culoare.



On May 25, 2020, George Floyd, a 46-year-old black man, died in Minneapolis, Minnesota, after Derek Chauvin, a white police officer, knelt on his neck for almost nine minutes while he was handcuffed face down in the street. Two other officers further restrained Floyd and a fourth officer prevented onlookers from intervening. During the final three minutes Floyd was motionless and had no pulse. Officers made no attempt to revive him, and Chauvin's knee remained on his neck even as emergency medical technicians attempted to treat him. Two autopsies determined the manner of Floyd's death to be homicide.

Floyd had been arrested on suspicion of passing a counterfeit $20 bill at a nearby market. Several witnesses took videos of the incident, which were widely circulated and broadcast along with security-camera footage from nearby businesses; officers' body camera footage has not been released. A criminal complaint later filed against Chauvin stated that Floyd repeatedly said he could not breathe while standing outside a police car, resisted getting in the car, and intentionally fell down; he went to the ground face down and, after Chauvin placed his knee on Floyd's neck, Floyd repeatedly said "I can't breathe", "Mama", and "please".

All four officers were fired the day after the incident, and criminal charges were brought against them. Chauvin was charged with second degree murder and second-degree manslaughter. The other three are charged with aiding and abetting second degree murder. The FBI and the Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension are both investigating the incident.

After Floyd's death, demonstrations and protests against use of excessive force by police officers and lack of police accountability were held globally. Protests in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul had turned violent as a police precinct and two stores were burned, and many stores were looted. Some demonstrators skirmished with police, who fired tear gas and rubber bullets.

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8 Minutes and 46 Seconds: How George Floyd Was Killed in Police Custody
The New York Times has reconstructed the death of George Floyd on May 25. Security footage, witness videos and official documents show how a series of actions by officers turned fatal.



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Trevor Noah didn’t wait until The Daily Show returned from its recent break to respond to the protests against police brutality and racism that have spread through more than 140 cities nationwide.
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The New York Times - ‘The Daily’ podcast: The Mayor of Minneapolis
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