Time to solve the Trans-Dniester problem - Kyiv Post

Louis O’Neill, Special to Kyiv Post
Jul 20

[Trebuie sa fiti înscris şi conectat pentru a vedea această imagine]

The “overload/reset” button was at least somewhat pressed during the Obama-Tandem summit earlier this month, between the American president and the twin rulers of Russia, Dmitry Medvedev and Vladimir Putin. Scads of agreements were signed, mostly low-hanging fruit like the fly-over deal for Afghan resupply and promises to update the Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission, albeit at a lower, but perhaps more operational, level.

But while Ukraine and Georgia proceed on their vital path of reform, Russia and the United States, along with the EU, are missing out on a joint project that could apply the “reset” approach to a sufficiently difficult, but solvable problem and continue the momentum of the Moscow summit: a resolution of the Transnistrian conflict with respect for the territorial integrity and sovereignty of the Republic of Moldova, but with a special status for the breakaway region.

If, as President Obama said in Moscow, “the days when empires could treat sovereign states as pieces on a chess board are over” then Moldova offers an excellent opportunity for constructive multilateral action in the “5 2” format to rebuild the sovereignty and economy of an impoverished former Soviet republic. Perhaps having answered for Kosovo tit-for-double-tat with South Ossetia and Abkhazia, and facing what must seem like endless financial requests from a Transnistria on economic life-support (debts to Gazprom alone exceed $1.5 billion), the Kremlin could be ready, after years of blocking any hope for serious, good-faith negotiations, to move forward if skillfully prompted.

Having real, sustained, high-level talks on a concrete issue of disagreement where the outcome is uncertain and significant give-and-take is required would show the world that the U.S. and Russia can not only demonstrate flexibility and fortitude, but also get something positive done in a contentious area. And when was the last time a separatist conflict was resolved, with finality, at the negotiating table without a shot being fired?

Here’s why the Nistru conflict is a great vehicle for this effort. First, the Republic of Moldova is constitutionally neutral. That means that both NATO and the continued Russian military and “peacekeeping” presence are unwelcome. The supreme law of the land says that Moldova will not join NATO and every draft document ever prepared for conflict settlement contains a clause allowing Transnistria to secede if Moldova changes its status or loses its statehood. The Kremlin’s most neuralgic issue is already off the table.

Second, Moldovan society is extremely welcoming to Russian culture and Russian speakers. If 10 people gather in Moldova and one speaks only Russian and not Romanian, the other nine will switch to Russian to accommodate. There is no ethnic, religious or historical emnity here to disentangle. Each year that settlement is delayed, however, simple demographics will make it harder for the Russian minority to have as strong a say on such issues.

Third, Moldova is far away from Russia and has no common border. Russia scarcely needs a second Kaliningrad, resupplying the Kolbasna depot is already an issue, and if Ukraine continues along its path to deeper integration with the EU, the Kremlin’s advantages and assets in Transnisitra may be wasting ones due to simple geographic reality.

Fourth, if Moldova is the poorest country in Europe, Transnistria is then most likely the continent’s poorest region. For sure, the unresolved conflict keeps both economies down, but Moldova still has the advantages of being a recognized country, while Transnistria, which has some solid enterprises that could do better, remains hampered by its perception as a black hole for smuggling and contraband.

Fifth, but by no means last, the general contours of how settlement might look are well known thanks to years of work by the OSCE and the other mediators and observers. The former Transnistrian lead negotiator once quipped that he and his Moldovan counterpart could resolve all the outstanding issues in about a week if given the green light and sufficient political cover.

Certainly there are powerful forces that would retain the status quo at all costs, and they have shown their fangs on numerous occasions. But solving the Trasnsnistrian conflict together would provide the U.S. and Russia with the trust and mutual understanding needed to tackle the even harder issues ahead without resort to reflexive stereotypes and zero-sum thinking.

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Louis O’Neill was OSCE Ambassador and Head of Mission to Moldova from 2006 to 2008.